Thierrys enthusiasm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thierrys enthusiasm - Essay Example When you watch documentary film, you may be amazed, thrilled, disappointed or upset with it, but the most fascinating thing is to realize that all your emotions are based on a real story without any exaggerations or embellishments. Each documentary movie reaches, educates and compels you to think about not only the main character’s deeds, but also about your own personality, life and future.One of the didactic movies is â€Å"Exit through the Gift Shop† by Jaimie D’Cruz. In the center of the plot, there is Thierry Guetta, ordinary Frenchman, who moved to Los Angeles in 1990s. When he was eleven years old, his mother died and the boy was taken away to live with his relatives. Later on, he grew up, got married, raised two beautiful daughters and started to earn money by selling old clothes for extremely high prices. From the first sight, there is nothing special in Thierry’s life. But when you get to know this guy better, his little passion reveals itself. N o matter what Thierry does or where he goes, there is always a video camera. â€Å"The moment it came in my hand, I could not let it go. It was obsession†, Thierry says (Exit through the Gift Shop). Since that time Thierry never gets apart with a camera, trying to capture different moments of life to make them live forever. Though he never watches the tapes, which he makes, he continues to collect them in boxes in his house as the biggest memory of crucial events. As Thierry’s the greatest liking keeps on growing, his attention catches absolutely new object of filming – street art. ... In spite of the fact that many other young artists refuse to allow Thierry to tape their masterpieces, he finds variable ways to hear consent. Thierry gets amazed by all these people and takes so great interest in taping street art that occasionally he receives warnings from police. He comprehends a danger of his hobby, but for Thierry it is all another challenge, which makes him feel good. With a camera in his hand Thierry takes part in art creation, climbing with Banksy on the roofs of the houses or going to Disneyland to tape his friend’s inventions. Several years later, after not quite successful film â€Å"Life Remote Control†, which Thierry makes out of tremendous number of his video tapes, he decides to switch from taping street art to creating the art per se. With a solid goal to make a grand show named â€Å"Life is beautiful† Mister Brainwasher, as Thierry calls himself, puts all his money in a new dream. He hires a lot of builders, sculptors, designers , promoters, whose main task is to implement Thierry’s ideas into reality. The work starts in a full swing and even an accident with Thierry’s broken leg does not slow down the pace. A couple of last weeks of preparations are extremely intense for the whole crew. At last the opening day comes and over four thousand people attend the exhibition. By the end of the first week pieces of art with a total cost near one million dollars are rapidly sold. Famous Madonna asks Thierry to make a cover for her Greatest Hits Collection. Abruptly Mister Brainwasher is sensationally accepted by the audience. Analyzing this documentary movie, a viewer can easily study the whole process of dream realization from the very

Greek Myths and English Language Essay Example for Free

Greek Myths and English Language Essay Abstract: Do you know Achilles Heel? Its an allusion from Greek myths. Instances like this are not difficult to find in English language. They are terse and vivid because of Greek myths and legends behind them. Therefore, they enjoy popular use. But these words and phrases are peculiar to the native culture and language, they appear exotic to foreign learners. So lets share some words and idioms which are relevant to Greek myths in view of knowing the ins and outs of them and understanding how to apply them. In the meanwhile, they can help you understand English history and English culture more thoroughly and deep and taste the wisdom and humor of the English people. Key words: relationship, Greek myths, English language, English idioms  Once the Republican supporter made comments on Clintons scandal, A misbehaving president is regarded as a governments Achilles heel and is expected to resign.  What is Achilles heel? If you dont know it, you will not understand the meaning of the supporters comments. The idiom means the weak or vulnerable point of a person, organization and country, etc. which comes from Greek myths. The story is about Achilles, one of the Greek heroes in the Iliad. When he was a child, he was taken by his mother Thetis and dipped in the river Styx to make him invulnerable. The water washed every part of his body expect the heel in his mothers hand. It was precisely at his vulnerable point that Achilles was later killed in Trojan battle. Greek mythology is a set of legends about the gods, heroes, natural events and universal history of Hellenic civilization. The myths of Greece mostly come from Hellenic literature such as Homers Iliad, Hesiods Theogony and Sophocles drama. From the Renaissance to now, Greek Myths is one of their required courses when the English people receive classical education. These stories and myths are so enjoyable that they impress themselves upon the English. Therefore the myths of Greece become the abundant supply of English language. Lets take Europe for instance. Sometimes it is also called Europa, which originally comes from Greek Mythology. In it, Europa is a princess who is abducted and carried off by a white bull to Crete, the cradle of Hellenic civilization. And the bull is actually Zeus, king of the Gods. In the same way, Paris is a persons name also from Greek myths. Paris is the son of the King of Troy. These two are place names. And the main characters from Greek mythology also appear in everyday speech. For instance, a huge or heroic task is said to herculean. This is in tribute to the Greek mythological hero Hercules. And when you talk about a book of maps, atlas will occur to you. It is named after Atlas, a titan who supported the heavens on his shoulders. Heres one you are probably familiar with it. Its the word promethean which describes a daringly creative or defiantly original act, because of the Titan Prometheus, who defied the wrath of Zeus and stole fire in order to benefit humankind. And another word you may have used before without realizing your debt to Greek mythology. The word panic comes from Pan, the God of shepherds. Pan was always considered to be the cause of the sudden fear especially in lonely places. Thats why its called panic. Then more attention will be paid to the relationship between Greek myths and English idioms. Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences, which are loaded with the native cultures and ideas. Therefore, there are a great deal of idioms are relevant to the myths of Greece. And these idioms are not easy to understand from its literal meanings, for example, Greek gift. Does it mean a gift made in Greece? Of course not, it symbolizes a dangerous gift. But as they are colourful, blunt, expressive and impressive, they form an important part of the English vocabulary and are now used in different situations. So I will share some of them with you in view of giving you the background of them. As defined by famous psychologist Sigmund Freud, Oedipus complex is the unconscious desire of a young child for sexual intercourse with the parent of the opposite sex, especially between boys and their mothers. The source of this complex is from the Greek legend of King Oedipus. Oedipus was the son of King Laius of Thebes, a city in Greece. There was a Apollos oracle predicted that he would killed his father and marry his mother. So when he was born his father Laius bound his feet together and had exposed him on a lonely mountaintop where it must soon starve. Then the poor infant was rescued by a shepherd and raised by Polybus, King of Corinth. And he was called Oedipus. Years later, Oedipus, too, like Laius, thought to make it impossible for the oracle to come true and resolved never to see Polybus. But on his journey he unwittingly killed King Laius with whom he quarreled. He arrived at Thebes shortly thereafter and saved the city from the ravages of the Sphinx. He was proclaimed king in Laius stead, and he took the dead kings widow, Jocasta, as his own wife. After several years a terrible plague struck Thebes. The Apollo declared that the plague would be stayed upon one condition: whoever had murdered King Laius must be punished. In the course of his investigation, Oedipus discovered that he himself was the killer and that Laius had been his real father. Finally he couldnt act against the decrees of fate. In his despair at this discovery, Oedipus blinded himself. Girls have a similar sexual desire for the father which is repressed in analogous fashion and is called Electra complex. It also comes from Greek mythology. Electra is the daughter of Agamemnon, the king who led the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War. To obtain favorable winds for the Greek fleet sailing to Troy, Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to the goddess Artemis and so came under a curse. After he returned home victorious, he was murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover. To avenge his fathers death, Electra helped her brother kill their mother and her lover. The allusion also comes from the Greek legend of King Oedipus. The Sphinx is winged monster having the head and breasts of a woman and body of a lion. She lay in wait for the wayfarers along the roads to Thebes and whoever she seized she put a riddle to, telling him if he could answer it, she would let him go. No one could, and the horrible creature devoured man after man until the city was in a state of siege. And at that time, Oedipus heard what was happening in Thebes in his lonely wanderings. He was a homeless, friendless man to whom life meant little and he determined to seek the Sphinx out and try to solve the riddle. What creature, the Sphinx asked him, goes on four feet in the morning, on two at noonday, on three in the evening? Man, answered Oedipus. In childhood he creeps on hands and feet; in manhood he walks erect; in old age he helps himself with a staff. It was the right answer. The Sphinx, inexplicable, but most fortunately, killed herself. The Thebans were saved. It is so called Sphinxs riddle which means difficult problems. And Sphinx is also used to describe an enigmatic person. The following are a few examples in actual uses.

Essay on Differences in Men and Women in Story of an Hour

The Story of an Hour - Differences in Men and Women Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour" appears merely to explore a woman's unpredictable reaction to her husband's assumed death and reappearance, but actually Chopin offers Mrs. Mallard's bizarre story to reveal problems that are inherent in the institution of marriage. By offering this depiction of a marriage that stifles the woman to the point that she celebrates the death of her kind and loving husband. Chopin challenges her readers to examine their own views of marriage and relationships between men and women. Each reader's judgment of Mrs. Mallard and her behavior inevitably stems from his or her own personal feelings about marriage and the influences of societal expectations. Readers of differing genders, ages, and marital experiences are, therefore, likely to react differently to Chopin's startling portrayal of the Mallards' marriage, and that certainly is true of my response to the story compared to my father's and grandmother's responses. Marriage often establishes boundaries between people that make them unable to communicate with each other. The Mallards' marriage was evidently crippled by both their inability to talk to one another and Mrs. Mallard's conviction that her marriage was defined by a "powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature." Yet she does not recognize that it is not just men who impose their will upon women and that the problems inherent in marriage affect men and women equally. To me, Mrs. Mallard is a somewhat sympathetic character, and I appreciate her longing to live ou... ...o relate more easily to her predicament and are quicker to exonerate her any of responsibility for her unhappy situation. Conversely, male readers are more likely to feel compassion for Mr. Mallard, who loses his wife for reasons that will always remain entirely unknown to him. Older readers probably understand more readily the strength of social forces and the difficulty of trying to deny societal expectations concerning gender roles in general and marriage in particular. Younger readers seem to feel that Mrs. Mallard is too passive and that she could have improved her domestic life immeasurably if she had taken the initiative to either improve or end her relationship with her husband. Ultimately, how each individual reader responds to Mrs. Mallard's story reveals his or her own ideas about marriage, society, and how men and women communicate with each other

Amazon Case Analysis Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Amazon.com Case Analysis Internal & External Matrix, Matrix Analysis and TOWS Summary, and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix Executive Summary This case analysis serves the purpose to provide an analytical framework to evaluate Amazon.com from an internal and external perspective, and to provide strategic direction based upon the internal and external evaluation. The case will begin with an introduction to Amazon.com. Introduction/Background Jeffrey Bezos, formerly a senior vice president for D. E. Shaw & Company, founded Amazon.com in 1994. D. E. Shaw is a Wall Street-based investment bank, and Mr. Bezos was assigned to find good Internet companies in which to invest. During the summer of 1994, he stumbled across a Web site that showed the number of Internet users was growing by 2,300 percent per month. He quickly realized the vast potential of the Internet, and began putting together a list of possible products that he could sell on the World Wide Web. He eventually narrowed his list to music products and books. Although music products and books both had enormous potential, he eventually selected books because he believed that he could compete more evenly in the book segment due to the lack of a very dominant player. "In contrast, the music industry had only six major record companies. These companies controlled the distribution of records and CDs and, therefore, had the potential to lock out a new business thre atening the traditional record-store format" (Kotha, p.11). To begin his new venture, Mr. Bezos left New York and moved to Seattle. He decided to move to Seattle for two reasons: 1) Ingram Book Group's warehouse is located near Seattle; and 2) Because of the Seattle area's reputation for computer expertise. In 1995, Amazon began selling books entirely online, operating out of a rented facility and using doors laid across sawhorses for desks. He soon was able to generate several million dollars from venture capitalists, and sales were astounding. Sales for 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 were $0.5, $16, $147, $610 and $1,640 million respectively. Amazon's customer base has increased dramatically from 180,000 in 100 countries in 1996 to 12 million in 160 countries by mid-1999. In 1998, Amazon began to expand into other product categories. The Company began to sell music products and videos, and within two months o... ...fries & Company, Inc. April 12, 2001; pages 1-16. "Market Guide - Comparisons for amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN)." http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/ratio/A13EF.html ; pages 1-5. Author unknown. Lund, Brian. "eBay vs. Amazon" The Motley Fool. April 3, 2001. http://www.fool.com/portfolios/rulebreaker/2001/rulebreaker010403.htm ; pages 1-4. Becker, Holly, Gross, Michael and Leichter, Stephanie. "Amazon.com Inc.: Amazon's International Challenges." Lehman Brothers Global Equity Research. May 3, 2001; pages 1-16. The Economist (1997a). "A Survey of Electronic Commerce." May 10; pages 1-18. Author unknown. Taken from above Kotha essay. The Wall Street Journal (1996). "Reading the Market: How a Wall-Street Whiz Found a Niche Selling Books on the Internet." May 16; page 1. Author unknown. Taken from above Kotha essay. Eads, Stefani. "Why Amazon's Board is Part of the Problem." BusinessWeek online. http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/apr2001/nf2001044_127.htm ; April 4, 2001, pages 1-5. Junnarkar, Sandeep. "Shares of Amazon Hit on "Underperform" Rating." c|net News.com. http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1007-200-2478430.html ; August 9, 2000, pages 1-3. Amazon Case Analysis Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Amazon.com Case Analysis Internal & External Matrix, Matrix Analysis and TOWS Summary, and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix Executive Summary This case analysis serves the purpose to provide an analytical framework to evaluate Amazon.com from an internal and external perspective, and to provide strategic direction based upon the internal and external evaluation. The case will begin with an introduction to Amazon.com. Introduction/Background Jeffrey Bezos, formerly a senior vice president for D. E. Shaw & Company, founded Amazon.com in 1994. D. E. Shaw is a Wall Street-based investment bank, and Mr. Bezos was assigned to find good Internet companies in which to invest. During the summer of 1994, he stumbled across a Web site that showed the number of Internet users was growing by 2,300 percent per month. He quickly realized the vast potential of the Internet, and began putting together a list of possible products that he could sell on the World Wide Web. He eventually narrowed his list to music products and books. Although music products and books both had enormous potential, he eventually selected books because he believed that he could compete more evenly in the book segment due to the lack of a very dominant player. "In contrast, the music industry had only six major record companies. These companies controlled the distribution of records and CDs and, therefore, had the potential to lock out a new business thre atening the traditional record-store format" (Kotha, p.11). To begin his new venture, Mr. Bezos left New York and moved to Seattle. He decided to move to Seattle for two reasons: 1) Ingram Book Group's warehouse is located near Seattle; and 2) Because of the Seattle area's reputation for computer expertise. In 1995, Amazon began selling books entirely online, operating out of a rented facility and using doors laid across sawhorses for desks. He soon was able to generate several million dollars from venture capitalists, and sales were astounding. Sales for 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 were $0.5, $16, $147, $610 and $1,640 million respectively. Amazon's customer base has increased dramatically from 180,000 in 100 countries in 1996 to 12 million in 160 countries by mid-1999. In 1998, Amazon began to expand into other product categories. The Company began to sell music products and videos, and within two months o... ...fries & Company, Inc. April 12, 2001; pages 1-16. "Market Guide - Comparisons for amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN)." http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/ratio/A13EF.html ; pages 1-5. Author unknown. Lund, Brian. "eBay vs. Amazon" The Motley Fool. April 3, 2001. http://www.fool.com/portfolios/rulebreaker/2001/rulebreaker010403.htm ; pages 1-4. Becker, Holly, Gross, Michael and Leichter, Stephanie. "Amazon.com Inc.: Amazon's International Challenges." Lehman Brothers Global Equity Research. May 3, 2001; pages 1-16. The Economist (1997a). "A Survey of Electronic Commerce." May 10; pages 1-18. Author unknown. Taken from above Kotha essay. The Wall Street Journal (1996). "Reading the Market: How a Wall-Street Whiz Found a Niche Selling Books on the Internet." May 16; page 1. Author unknown. Taken from above Kotha essay. Eads, Stefani. "Why Amazon's Board is Part of the Problem." BusinessWeek online. http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/apr2001/nf2001044_127.htm ; April 4, 2001, pages 1-5. Junnarkar, Sandeep. "Shares of Amazon Hit on "Underperform" Rating." c|net News.com. http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1007-200-2478430.html ; August 9, 2000, pages 1-3.

Summary on My Sisters Keeper

SUMMARY. This book starts off with the main character Anna Fitzgerald selling a prized possession that her mother gave her. After going home she goes to an attorney’s office, Campbell Alexander is the attorney Anna picks to hire to sue her parent for the right to her own body. She explains that the only reason she was born was to be Kate’s donor. Kate, her sister, is in the end stages of kidney failure, and Anna wants to file the lawsuit so she won’t have to donate a kidney to Kate. Campbell, who has a service dog but always gives a sarcastic explanation whenever someone asks why, agrees to represent Anna for free. When Anna’s mother Sara receives the papers for the lawsuit, she becomes furious with Anna. Sara can’t understand why Anna would want to do this to her sister, as she hasn’t had any problem with donating to her sister before. Anna’s father however can understand both side of this lawsuit recognizes that she would not have brought a lawsuit unless she was genuinely unhappy. When they realize that they will need a lawyer, Anna’s mother who is a lawyer, decides to be the lawyer representing the opposing side, not thinking the case will go far and thinks she will be able to get Anna to drop the case. The judge that will be dealing with Anna’s case is Judge Desalvo. She appoints a guardian ad litem for Anna, Julia Romano; her job is to objectively decide the best interests of the minor child. Throughout all of these events, Jesse has been setting different abandoned buildings on fire. Jesse acts like a delinquent in other ways as well, such as drinking alcohol, but much of this behaviour is coming from his feelings of being ignored by his parents. Then Brian, their father, finds out that Jesse was the one who has been setting all the recent fires that he and his men have been putting out. When Brian faces up to Jesse and asks him about it, Jesse admits that he feels immense guilt due to the fact he wasn't a donor match for Kate. Kate becomes seriously ill and is hospitalized. Their Doctor Dr. Chance says she will die within a week. Anna refuses to change her mind about the case. At the hearing, Sara decides she will represent herself and Brian. As a result, Brian takes Anna to stay with him at the fire station to give Anna some distance from Sara. He believes if they remain in the same house together, Anna may unwillingly give in to her mother’s wish that she donate her kidney. Throughout the trial and book, Sara realizes where she went wrong in some aspects of her parenting. Though she is frustrated at what Anna is doing, she never hates her or stops loving her for it. At the trial, Sara and Campbell question witnesses including the doctors familiar with Kate’s medical condition and history. Reluctantly Anna goes to the stand to tell her side of the story, during this Jesse as her brother getting annoyed at people blaming her, shouts to her to just tell the truth. She then admits that she only filed the lawsuit because Kate told her to. Then just as she says that Campbell has an epileptic seizure and collapses. When his seizure ends, he admits he has been having seizures ever since a car accident in high school. He also explains that the seizures are the reason he has a service dog, which can tell when another seizure is coming on. Then Anna goes back to the stand and explains When Anna first found out that Kate needed her for a kidney transplant, she was going to do it and didn’t mind. But, Kate convinced her not to. Turns out, she didn't want to go through with the surgery; she was tired of being sick and waiting to die. She knew she'd die without the transplant, but she just couldn't go through it all. It was Kate who convinced Anna to get a lawyer. Anna also admits that while she loves her sister, part of her wanted Kate to die, too, so that she could have more freedom with her life. The trial ends with Judge Desalvo ruling in Anna’s favour and that Campbell has medical attorney over her. Everyone was happy that the case was over, and no one was mad at Anna for doing what she did. A sad twist of fate then happens. On the way to the hospital, Campbell and Anna get into a serious car accident as the car was struck by a truck. Campbell makes it out okay, but Anna is left brain dead. Everyone is wounded with grief, especially Sara who had always been planning out the death of her other daughter, Kate. Then doctors ask about an organ donation. Campbell, being the medical attorney for Anna, Campbell tells the doctors to give Anna’s kidney to Kate. Kate narrates the epilogue, set in 2010. She discusses the grief her family went through after Anna’s death, and the fact that she blames herself. She knows, however, that she will always carry Anna with her.

12 Famous Artists on What Art Means to Them

12 Famous Artists on What Art Means to Them For an artist, the canvas is a mouthpiece. The artist speaks with vibrant colors, bold strokes, and fine lines. She whispers her secrets, shares her passion, expresses her anguish, and taunts your sensibilities. Are you ready to hear the language of art? Art inspires people. Consider the works of Michelangelo, Picasso, or Leonardo da Vinci. People throng to museums to admire their work. Their paintings, murals, and sculptures are subjects of deep academic interest. These great artists lived several centuries ago, yet their work continues to inspire new generations of artists. Famous Artists and What They Say About Art These quotes from 12 famous artists provide insight into the art world. Their words infuse a new surge of creativity. They urge you to get inspired to pick up your paintbrush and palette. Brett WhiteleyAustralian avant-garde artist Brett Whiteley continues to spur the creativity of artists, and common people, across the world. He won Australia’s most respected award, Archibald, the Wynne, and Sulman, twice. Whiteley created his art in Italy, England, Fiji, and the U.S. Art should astonish, transmute, transfix. One must work at the tissue between truth and paranoia. Edward HopperAmerican realist painter and printmaker Edward Hopper was famous for oil paintings, but he also made his mark as a watercolorist and etchings. Regular American life and the people were two of Hopper’s muses.   If I could say it in words, there would be no reason to paint. Francis BaconIrish-British figurative painter Francis Bacon is best known for the boldness of his art. The imagery that he used was raw and evocative. He is best known for his works, Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944), Study for Self-Portrait (1982), and Study for a Self Portrait - Triptych (1985-86). The job of the artist is always to deepen the mystery. Picasso is the reason why I paint. He is the father figure who gave me the wish to paint. MichelangeloOne of the best-known painters and artists from the Renaissance age, Michelangelo and his works have shaped western art. The Italian sculptor, painter, poet, architect, and engineer is famous for painting the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and depicting The Last Judgment on the wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. He was also the architect of St. Peter’s Basilica. If people knew how hard I worked to get my mastery, it wouldnt seem so wonderful at all. Pablo PicassoSpanish artist Pablo Picasso has been one of the most powerful artists of the 20th century. He co-pioneered the Cubist movement and is most well-known for works such as proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937).   As a child, I drew like Raphael but it has taken me a lifetime to draw like a child. Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life. Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up. Paul GardnerScottish painter Paul Gardner espouses European and Scottish artistic conventions through this art. Buddhism and Eastern philosophy have been his major influences. A painting is never finished - it simply stops in interesting places. Paul GauguinFrench post-Impressionist artist Paul Gauguin received true recognition only posthumously. His style of experimenting with colors made him stand apart from Impressionists. Gauguin was an important member of the Symbolist movement, and it led to the creation of the Synthetist style, Primitivism, and return to pastoral styles.   I shut my eyes in order to see. Rachel WolfRachel Wolf is an American artist and freelance editor. She has edited numerous books on painting such as Keys to Painting: Fur and Feathers, Watercolor Secrets, Strokes of Genius: The Best of Drawing, among others. Color is fun, color is just plain gorgeous, a gourmet meal for the eye, the window of the soul. Frank ZappaAmerican musician Frank Zappa made music for over three decades. He played rock, jazz, and other kinds of music while also directing films and music videos. Zappa was feted with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997.   Art is making something out of nothing and selling it. Lucian FreudGerman-born British painter Lucian Freud was celebrated for his impasto portrait and figure paintings. His art has a psychological angle and often explores the uncomfortable connection between the artist and the model. The longer you look at an object, the more abstract it becomes, and, ironically, the more real. Paul CezannePaul Cezanne was a French artist and post-Impressionist painter. Paul Cezanne is responsible for providing a link between the 19th century Impressionism and 20th century Cubism. Cezanne’s charm lay in the fact that even though critics trashed him, younger artists revered him during his lifetime. There is a logic of colors, and it is with this alone, and not with the logic of the brain, that the painter should conform. Robert DelaunayFrench artist Robert Delaunay started the Orphism art movement along with his wife, Sonia. His art used symmetrical shapes, and in later life became more abstract. Painting is by nature a luminous language.

Logging essays

Logging essays Forests are the richest and most diverse biological system on the face of the earth. Forests are valuable and useful natural resources, providing fresh air and varied recreational areas. In recent years, there has been a controversial question as to whether logging should be excluded from native forests. Logging brings short-term benefits, however, logging harms us all in the long term. Logging should be excluded from Native Forests. There are two main reasons to support that. Firstly, logging forests destroys the ecosystem and brings long-term harm. Forests are an interrelated part of ecosystem. They can prevent soil erosion and pollution of rivers with sediment. Logging takes most of the trees and destroys forests ecosystem. However, according to Hurditch in Giles (Ed) (1993), he showed the timber industrys wise management can ensure an everlasting supply of timber from the natural processes of forest growth and development. He also said that forests are regenerated after logging. Despite that, Angel in Giles (Ed) (1993) said that forests are one of the most ancient and rich terrestrial life from left. The trees take hundreds of years to grow and cannot be logged on a renewable basis. Once logged, their structure and prolific life are damaged beyond repair. In actual fact, the forests are very difficult to regenerate. According to Ms Linda Parlane in The Weekend Australian, 1998, a survey by the Department of Conservation, Forests and lands (CFL) showed that between 1979 and 1982 up to 40 percent of logged forest had not regenerated successfully in selected areas. Her colleague, Mr. Andrew Booth, said forests marked for logging is rotated in 80-years cycles, but it takes more than a century for eucalypts to mature. If logging is not controlled, the ecosystem would be destroyed and we would lose the useful and valuable nature resources. Logging of an area of forest means total destruction of the flora and founa of an are...

Rome essays

Rome essays There were two great times of social disturbence in the Roman era. The first upheaval occurred in circa 445 BC. The second upheaval took place during Julius Caesars term of dictatorship. This took place about 45 BC. In both these cases the classes changed and were allowed rights that they havent had before. During the Struggle of Orders, the pleabeains wanted representation in the senate. During the late republic, many aristocrats were buying the farms from the small farmers. Due to this the farmers had no where but the army to turn for money. So in the late republic a leader by the name of Scipio Aemilianus gave there soldiers land to cultivate after their term in the army was over. Before the Struggle of Orders, the pleabeins did not have any representation in the senate. Representation is exactly what they had wanted. They wanted a voice because they didnt think that they were being heard. The patricians at that time the only men allowed in the senate. They were protected by anybody in the senate. The plebeians were right; the men of the senate only made laws that benefited themselves. They would not make laws that changed their lives in the least. I believe that the plebeians benefited from the Struggle of Orders. Before hand they were given no voice in the senate of Rome. Afterwards the plebeians were allowed representation. They were given the position of the Tribune. The Tribunes were the protectors of the plebeians. All they wanted was equality within the law. In result of this, the Roman law became more rounded and fairer. This helped the city out socially because the Plebeians were the majority in those times. During the late republic there were many wars that plagued Rome. They depended on an army that was always on standby. Who were their armies made up of? The Roman armies were made of plebeians. Most of the soldiers were small plebeian farmer ...

Marriot International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marriot International - Essay Example The organizational culture is diverse because of the diverse presence of the country; the Executive heads are the same but the functional heads are according to the geographic presence. Each place has its own certain standards to meet, has its own culture and its own unique features and an international chain has to adopt them for their own acceptability. Marriot has its own cultural touch but at the same time the diverse employees is the reason for the diverse culture in the organization. The diversity has to be managed by the HR and only professional people have to be hired to ensure it is properly managed. Marriot has an effective performance Management System, the system is very formal in nature, they have proper computerized systems that links the performance of each employee on the basis of their services, the duration they provided the services, their appearance, they pronunciation and the guests feedback about their stay. Employees are given feedback every quarter, until there is some exceptional situation where employees can be given feedback on irregular intervals. There are two feedback one the head evaluates his/her team members and the other through employee

The concept of Pop Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The concept of Pop Art - Essay Example The concept of design of composition being the strongest element within a work that was developed in the Modern Art period carried into the Pop Art period. According to Sagart, â€Å"The movement focused on pure form, spiritual harmony, and order† (223). However, the movement disregarded the concept of a real object in favor of the movement of graphic images within line and space. Abstract Expressionism, a part of the postmodernism movement that created an artistic counter-culture to modernism, also had a place in creating the culture in which Pop Art would thrive. Influenced by the work of Surrealists such as Hans Hoffman, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Thomas Hart Benton who had dripped and flung paint onto their work (Ratcliff 3), this form of painting, which is also referred to as ‘action painting’ is typified by the work of Jackson Pollock. According to Rochberg, â€Å"The color explosion that was Abstract Expressionism seems to have been born of post-Cubism, e arly Expressionism, and Surrealism† (194). For the most part, objects no longer have a place in painting for the Abstract Expressionist. The movement of color becomes a sometimes chaotic and aggressive expression that exists purely to â€Å"delight the eye†. Pop Art was a result of the experimental nature of the modernists and the post-modernists. Pop Art became a mirror that reflected the social experience of a consumerist, media driven culture that worships celebrity and perceived perfection. The prints of Andy Warhol can create a commentary.

Abstract to my project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Abstract to my project - Essay Example Recent efforts have seen the move towards the convergence of international accounting standards. This is fundamentally the move to having all kinds off financial reporting produce a common result. This concept has been adopted by the SEC and the FASB to ensure the synchronization of all partners who have subscribed to these standards. The IFRS offers this opportunity by having a standard and uniform template upon which all financial reporting will be scrutinized. There is need to conduct further research on the issue of taking up a uniform standards of financial reporting globally. This is because there are some underlying effects that these standards may have on SME (small and medium size enterprises). The standards are developed to favour multinational cooperation, negatively impacting the small and medium size enterprises. Financial accounting practices are essential for determining the performance of organisations and their financial situations. Private, governmental and non-governmental organisations use accounting standards to improve their performance (Godfrey & Chalmers, 2007). There are many stakeholders of financial information who have an interest in the financial report for various purposes. Therefore, the method used and the influence of that method to the organisation and its financial statement is of great significance to the stakeholders of those organisations (Godfrey & Chalmers, 2007) The document focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation of accounting standards to various stakeholders. The project contains an abstract, introduction, the body of the report, glossary, conclusion, list of references and bibliography. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is the main accounting systems under consideration for application as an international accounting system (Samak et al., 2012). The expansion of businesses

I wanna you to ready that and answer those two question. I dont want Case Study

I wanna you to ready that and answer those two question. I dont want you to ready from anywhere else just ready the article that I am going to send to you - Case Study Example Such materials become considered inappropriate for use in joints. Mechanical characteristics – these materials must exhibit characteristics which enhance the functioning of the particular component which they are used to make. Tensile strength of materials, for example, remains an important characteristic for materials used in making the femoral stem of the artificial joint. The mechanical characteristics are the main causes of failures commonly observed in these joints. Material density and reproducibility – this are an essential element of concern because of the need to make repairs to artificial joints that might be damaged. The prosthetic quality of the material must remain consistent in order to make repairing easy, should damage to the joint occur. Magnetism – when seeking to establish an appropriate material for artificial hip replacement materials it is important to consider the magnetism of the materials. Material utilized for this function should not exhibit any ferromagnetic behaviors (Gibbons, 33). This is mainly because of the requirements to use MRI spectroscopy to study the joint in future. Magnetic materials make this spectroscopy method inapplicable. Toxicity – artificial materials sometimes produce toxic substances which could affect the body parts. The reaction of some materials with the body parts commonly results in the generation of toxic substances which harm the body parts next to the artificial implant. Femoral stem – the femoral stem fits into the femur bone. There is need to make considerations of the corrosion characteristics of the materials which are utilized in the manufacturing of the femoral stem. Cobalt chromium and titanium are the major alloy components for the material which is utilized for making this component. This alloy remains highly resistant to corrosion and fatigue which results from increased use of the

Events Leading to the Creation of DHS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Events Leading to the Creation of DHS - Essay Example In a quest to prevent similar events as those of 9/11, specifically through assessing the events and circumstances that facilitated the orchestration of such a massively deadly event, the government was willing to assess any options and allocate any resources necessary that would prevent a similar occurrence. As such, the government had three main options to choose from that included sharing of power between various agencies, leaving the overall control to the White House, or establishing a congressional control. Critical decision was impending bearing in mind that the country was facing a challenge that was bigger than any natural disaster the country had seen before. This was bigger because in the history of the U.S, the only agency that had been mandated primarily to deal with terror treats was FEMA but it was still small as its capabilities were only domestic. Such previous ideas suggested that handling future possibilities that are connected with protecting the lives of Americans would require a broader entity. This suggested amalgamation of various agencies with the key idea in mind being central coordination of activities and sharing of information rather than centralizing the idea on mere control.

I wanna you to ready that and answer those two question. I dont want Case Study

I wanna you to ready that and answer those two question. I dont want you to ready from anywhere else just ready the article that I am going to send to you - Case Study Example Such materials become considered inappropriate for use in joints. Mechanical characteristics – these materials must exhibit characteristics which enhance the functioning of the particular component which they are used to make. Tensile strength of materials, for example, remains an important characteristic for materials used in making the femoral stem of the artificial joint. The mechanical characteristics are the main causes of failures commonly observed in these joints. Material density and reproducibility – this are an essential element of concern because of the need to make repairs to artificial joints that might be damaged. The prosthetic quality of the material must remain consistent in order to make repairing easy, should damage to the joint occur. Magnetism – when seeking to establish an appropriate material for artificial hip replacement materials it is important to consider the magnetism of the materials. Material utilized for this function should not exhibit any ferromagnetic behaviors (Gibbons, 33). This is mainly because of the requirements to use MRI spectroscopy to study the joint in future. Magnetic materials make this spectroscopy method inapplicable. Toxicity – artificial materials sometimes produce toxic substances which could affect the body parts. The reaction of some materials with the body parts commonly results in the generation of toxic substances which harm the body parts next to the artificial implant. Femoral stem – the femoral stem fits into the femur bone. There is need to make considerations of the corrosion characteristics of the materials which are utilized in the manufacturing of the femoral stem. Cobalt chromium and titanium are the major alloy components for the material which is utilized for making this component. This alloy remains highly resistant to corrosion and fatigue which results from increased use of the

Global Media and the Nestle Boycott Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Media and the Nestle Boycott - Essay Example One of the main concerns for the widespread use of infant formula among children is the high number of deaths especially in the least developed countries (LDC) where mothers substitute breastfeeding with infant formula. Nestle has been accused of its aggressive marketing strategies that convinces mothers in poor countries to abandon breastfeeding their children and resort to infant formula. This has attracted the longest boycott in history known as Nestle Boycott where organizations concerned with the Nestle’s marketing practices of its controversial infant product in third world countries despite the linkage of the product to the high rates of deaths among babies in those countries. The organizations that participate in Nestle Boycott have a number of arguments that they believe are worthy stopping Nestle to engage in the marketing of infant formula in LDC. In view of the immense social, cultural, and economic differences between first and third world countries, it is acutely unethical for core nation corporations such as Nestle to implement their marketing techniques in peripheral nations without realizing the severe consequences. The Genesis of the Boycott Henri Nestle, the founder of Nestle, S.A. is credited with inventing the first artificial food products for babies in the world in 1866. After New Internationalist  magazine published a story about the unethical marketing strategies that Nestle employed to sell its product to mothers in 1973 and in a booklet called  The Baby Killer,  in 1974, the company continues to face a boycott of its product infant formula. Nestle became the topic of consumer boycotts in the 1970s owing to its marketing practices. Powdered milk formula for infants was distributed free in hospitals to mothers who had given birth to newborn babies. What attracted the attention of consumers was the fact that this practice had not been witnessed in core countries like United States of America and England but only in less deve loped countries where the mothers were concerned about breastfeeding their babies. One of the most well known controversies involving Nestle involves the advertising and marketing of infant formula products to mothers in LDC around the world. The issue came up and attracted world attention in 1977 because of the Nestle boycott. Nestle continues to face criticism that the company violates the 1981 World Health Organization code that instituted regulations for marketing and advertising of breast milk substitutes (Solomon, p. 2).   The controversial issue led to the formation of groups such as the  International Baby Food Action Network  (IBFAN) and Save the Children  who continues to provide evidences that the promotion of infant formula over breastfeeding lead health problems and deaths among infants in less economically developed countries. Nevertheless, Nestle has continuous counteracted these claims by initiating company policies that are geared towards encouraging mothers to breastfeed their children and only resort to infant formula in cases where it is completely impossible to breast feed. Because of aggressive marketing strategies by Nestle, free samples were distributed at maternity units, and by Nestle sales representatives who addressed as quasi-medical personnel. The critiques of this marketing strategy pointed out that poor mother were being persuaded to resort to infant

Vernacular Language Essay Example for Free

Vernacular Language Essay According to the dictionary, vernacular refers to the native language of a country. Throughout Rome, the language that was used was Latin; it was used throughout the Mediterranean and became the dominant language. Widely used by people with power, kings and queens. Latin was used as the formal language used in government and politics, this all changed during the 12th century when vernacular language started to become increasingly popular. During the Renaissance, Europe was undergoing a transformation. Cultural change occurs when there is a change in language or idea. During these times, people were interested in intellectual exploration. It was during this time that people felt that only highly educated people knew Latin. Bringing about a vernacular language was a way that they felt the need to educate the ordinary people. It was during this time that they began the transformation into the vernacular language. Up until the 17th century, most scholarly works were said to be in Latin. During the 12th century, many literary works were subject to translating. Most of the time the person translating would change things, they were not concerned with the ending, only how they have changed the various pieces into art. The development of the printing press and other technological advances was thought to be a method that sped up the process of spreading vernacular language. During this time, people who were economically disadvantaged could now read and own a bible. The use of vernaculars was thought of as a way to convert the non-believers. The spread of Christianity proved to be a method for spreading vernacular language. Petrarch was thought of as one of the most important figures of this time. He criticized the habits of the culture and believed their ideas were ancient soon others followed and this brought about the birth of humanism. Humanism was based on the belief that the philosophical works of Ancient Greece and Rome provided the best guide for living. Humanism was believed to be founded on three teachings humanistic studies, moral philosophy, and the qualities that make men and women good. Women played an important role in the spread of vernacular language, noble women insisted that literature was either written or translated to vernacular. Women began to assert their role as preservers of history. (Mccash, 2008) Most women had limited education so they were not proficient in Latin, this led to the acceptance of Romance and Germanic vernaculars. Women were given a chance to express themselves and participate in courtly debates. Women played a huge role in the transformation from clergy to court. (McCash, 2008) Women felt a sense of power by the rise of vernacular language; they began to write poetry, some even became translators. In the 13th century, Margery Kemp wrote the first autobiography in the English language. â€Å"Women turned to literature to express their pain and suffering, their longing and their loss, and their beliefs and vision† (McCash, 2008)

Africa by Maya Angelou Analysis

Africa by Maya Angelou Analysis Thus she had lain sugar cane sweet deserts her hair golden her feet mountains her breasts  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5 two Niles her tears. Thus she has lain Black through the years. Over the white seas Rime white and cold  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10 Brigands ungentled icicle bold took her daughters Sold her strong sons churched her with Jesus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15 bled her with guns Thus she has lain. Now she is rising remember her pain remember he losses  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   20 her screams loud and vain remember her riches her history slain now she is striding although she had lain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   25 [Explication] Maya Angelou, an African American poet, wrote the poem Africa about the tragic events held by the European men who invaded Africa. Angelou uses rhyming techniques as well as imagery and metaphors to describe the actions made in African history. With those techniques she helps us with an image of what it was like to live in Africa during this time period. The poem is separated into three stanzas and twenty-five lines. Each stanza contains vivid words to give a certain image in your head.   Angelou uses metaphors to compare the continent, Africa, to a healthy woman. This comparison between continents and women are used a lot to describe the state or well being of it. Each stanza shows slight variations to show the transitions of tone. Within those twenty-five lines, Angelou uses the rhyme scheme ABCB. The rhyming of this poem helps with how it is structured. In the first stanza, the woman is being brought into character. She is being described as different landmarks in Africa with the use of metaphors. Angelou uses landmarks such as mountains (5), deserts (3), and the Nile River (6) to give the woman vivid description of her physical appearance. Two Niles her tears (6) in this line she is comparing the way her tears flow to the way the Nile River flows. The use of imagery is used throughout this stanza. The first four lines in the second stanza, Angelou uses rime (10) and cold (10) to give us a brief description of the setting when the brigands (11) came to Africa ready to take away from the land. The next four lines are the about the actions the brigands (11) done to the women in Africa. Lines 14 and 15 state, took her young daughters / sold her strong sons to give us off the idea of slavery. This transition of tone gives the unpleasant and unwanted aspect of this part in the poem. At the end of this stanza, line 17 just like the first stanza, line 7 Thus she has lain which shows the uncomfortable effect to what the white men did to her. In the last stanza, she talks about her overcoming the obstacles. Even though all the harshness she has been through, now she is striding. This stanza is in present tense unlike the other stanzas. This shows her progress from the pain she has endured. The tone in this stanza is more of accepting the fact and embracing what the white men did. In lines 19 and 20, she uses the word remember twice so that we remember what happened to her. The ending of this stanza states the same line, although she has lain in reference to her overcoming all the bad that she encountered. This line also helps us see that she is moving forward from everything that has happened. In conclusion, African American poet, Maya Angelou, uses descriptive detail and convincing evidence to convey her thoughts about the country of Africa. Within this poem holds three stanzas which contain the explanation of the various usage of color imagery, metaphors, and other forms of literary elements. As we begin to journey into the poem with the first stanza, this is where Mrs. Angelou compares the likeness of a woman to the geological structures of the country itself. As in the second stanza the writer provides bits of imagery while explaining how the land was taken over as well as the actions taken upon women during this time. Finally, she comes to conclusion in the last stanza to show all the country has fought for and being able to overcome the obstacles set on their paths.

Ancient Indian Architecture :: Papers

Ancient Indian Architecture The Science of Architecture and Civil Construction was known in Ancient India as Sthapatya-Shastra. The word Sthapatya is derived from the root word Sthapana i.e. 'to establish'. The technique of architecture was both a science and an art, hence it is also known as Sthapatya-kala, the word Kala means an art. From very early times the construction of temples, palaces, rest houses and other civil construction was undertaken by professional architects known as Sthapati. Even during the Vedic times, there existed professionals who specialized in the technique of constructing chariots and other heavy instruments of war. These professionals have been referred to in the Rig Veda as Rathakara which literally means 'chariot maker'. The excavations of the ruins at Mohenjodaro and Harrappa (today in Pakistan) proved the existence of a developed Urban civilization in India. The Indus valley civilization is dated around 3000 B.C. Thus since the last 5000 years. India has had an urban civilization. The existence of an urban civilization presumes the existence of well developed techniques of architecture and construction. These techniques would no doubt have had been systematically stated in record books for transmitting them to the later generations as well for being used as reference media for actual construction. Unfortunately, as far as the Indus Valley civilization goes no such records have been preserved either as rock edicts, manuscripts, etc., or in folk tales and legends. But the fact that cities on the scale of Mohenjodaro had been constructed bear testimony to the existence of a systematized and highly developed technique of architecture 5000 years ago. But in the later ages, from about the 7th century B.C., we have both literature references as well as archeological evidences to prove the existence of large urban civilizations in the Ganges Valley. Like in most other sciences, even remotely connected with religion, in architecture also the scientific ideas and techniques have been integrated with philosophy and theology. This was so as the majority of the large constructions were temples.

Personal Space in a Digital Age by Robert Sommer Essay -- gender, space

Robert Sommer, author of the text. Personal Space in a Digital Age suggests a relationship between age and gender in determining of personal space. He explains, â€Å"It has been interesting to observe personal space enter the popular culture. Airlines advertise more of it in their seating, homeless shelter residents complain that they have too little of it, and corporate training manuals warn employees to respect each other’s personal space. What is clear is that the concepts of personal space and interaction distance have lasted four decades and show no sign of disappearing even in a digital age when communication is increasingly aspatial.† Although most people feel bothered about questions of personal space, gender and age determines when a person begins to feel uncomfortable because psychology explains that people care who is in their space, because that researchers have proved that gender and age matters, because age research proves that when their personal space by both older or younger people they feel uncomfortable, and because the research on gender proves that when people are invaded by the opposite sex they also feel uncomfortable. Personal space has many factors that affect how different people react such as their culture, gender, race, age, etc. (The Development of Personal Space in Primary School Children - Springer 195). Personal space is when someone feels uncomfortable in his or her own space or bubble (Personal Space 1). People call their space a bubble so when someone gets to close it might pop (Wells 1). One-person controls how big or small the bubble is (Wells 1). There are four areas that break down space (Igarashi, Stade, and Vriens 4). Internal, mental, physical, and spiritual are the four boundaries that de... ...ells, Meredith M. "Measuring Personal Space." Psychology Teacher Network. N.p., 2002. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. 0CCkQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fed%2Fprecollege%2Fptn%2F20 02%2F01%2Fissue.pdf&ei=ClSGUvXYMJCqkAfolIBY&usg=AFQjCNHZbzD_daKQY iRO5yr6xflgycn6Qg&bvm=bv.56643336,d.eW0>. Widang, Ingrid. "Patients’ Conceptions of Integrity." N.p., 2007. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. =0CDQQFjACOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diva- portal.org%2Fsmash%2Fget%2Fdiva2%3A4541%2FFULLTEXT01.pdf&ei=00GAUu2t OaPsyQGGuoFY&usg=AFQjCNE1Ifvl9dYscCwBYtqrRNaLA4u12Q>. Wolchover, Natalie. "Why Do We Have Personal Space?" Web log post. Live Science. Natalie Wolchover, 6 June 2012. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. personal-space.html>.

Internal Conflict in Poe and Hawthorne

Critics of early American literature argue that, â€Å"the conflict present in early American Literature is internal,† and that it, â€Å"is often presented as having a cosmic scale,† with â€Å"characters [who] are often alienated and isolated† (class handout).   These internal conflicts take place in the protagonists’ minds and they drive the plot’s action by focusing on struggles about the very nature of life so that the characters pitted against them suffer from their problems on a personal level thereby rendering them utterly alone and separate from other characters. It is their loneliness in a time of mental anguish that creates the drama and suspense necessary for reflecting the interior action of the story that leads to a reader’s understanding of the character is split in arriving at a solution to the problem. Two authors that support this idea are Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allen Poe.   Both authors tend to focus on protagonists that are both figurative and literally split from society and suffering emotionally from internal struggles over choices and actions of their pasts.   Moreover, these two authors’ characters demonstrate conflicts that examine the consequences of past acts on the present and the grand schemes of their lives. Edgar Allen Poe’s story, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is one example of this type of internal conflict and its effects on the character, Roderick Usher.   This story uses the gothic elements of the dark, depressing setting to communicate the isolation of first Roderick and Madeline Usher and then the story’s protagonist and narrator whose mental capacities weaken within the diseased setting of the Usher household.   The narrator seeks to help his friend, Roderick Usher overcome some mysterious malady described as, â€Å"some oppressive secret, to divulge which he struggled for the necessary courage†Ã‚   (cite here). Clearly, Poe creates the idea of Usher’s desire to overcome an internal conflict of cosmic proportions, but by the end of the story it is the narrator who has become isolated in a struggle to overcome an internal conflict created in the dark, empty hours of his time spent in the alienated and spiritless world of the Usher’s once grand house.   The conflict that never fully materializes culminates in the narrator’s discovery of the evil working of Roderick Usher upon his â€Å"sick† sister, Madeline and his complicity in burying her alive and the witnessing of Roderick’s well-planned death alongside his sister in her tomb. His conscience then splits like the Usher house and choosing good over evil, the narrator resolves his conflict when he, â€Å"fled aghast† from the house as it shook and crumbled to the ground.   His survival and surmounting of the internal struggle he helped to create as he sought ways to help his sick friend is shown through his retelling of the story from a present perspective that recognized the horror and emotional torture of his the conflict that moved forward the story’s action. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story, Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment† presents another example of a character who suffers from an internal conflict of cosmic proportions that leads to his isolation from the rest of society.   Dr. Heidegger possesses an elixir that when consumed reverses aging and renders people young again.   He tempts others with its seductive promises of eternal youth but he does not desire that state for himself; he is content to live reflect the decay of his study, â€Å"a dim, old fashioned chamber, festooned with cobwebs, and besprinkled with antique dust†Ã‚   (Hawthorne). Dr, Heidegger’s interest in the potion is only its ability to breathe life into a faded, fifty-year-old rose given to him by his love that has long since died.   His guests are only a part of his experiment to create a potion strong enough to give everlasting life to his rose so that it may accompany him to death, â€Å"’My poor Sylvia’s rose!’ ejaculated Dr. Heidegger, holding it in the light of the sunset clouds† (Hawthorne). Upon the realization of his failure and his miserable, lonely struggle to bring back the past and the love it bore, he resolves his internal misery with the realization that the rose is no less beautiful dead than alive.   He states, â€Å"I love it as well thus† at the moment he concludes that it is really Sylvia that he loved and the rose, in its withered state was nothing more than a symbol of that love. Both Poe and Hawthorne are known for creating story’s with characters who suffer internal conflicts against dark, depressing setting that support deeply disturbing atmospheres and moods.   Moreover, their characters grapple with issues that seek to answer questions that have no solutions available to man.   They only resolve their internal struggles when they recognize the futility of their struggles. The narrator in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and Dr. Heidegger in â€Å"Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment† reflect critics ideas about early American literature’s treatment of conflict and its impact upon individuals who find themselves utterly alone and alienated through the choices they made.   The horror of this realization leads them to ultimately resolve and overcome the misery they are responsible for cultivating.      

Oh Mary Don’t You Cry Any More Essay

The short story by Fay Weldon is about a small family of three, the mother Shirley and her daughters Gracey and Lisa, their life on the small island Tasmania and it is about their attempt to achieve happiness. * In the beginning of the story we learn, that the girls Gracey and Lisa doesn’t wear shoes or even new clothes, because their mother believes, that their feet will grow better without shoes confining them, and that they shouldn’t spend their money on new clothes, as the well-worn clothes show it of the girls’ pretty bodies. We learn that Gracey is the prettier and elder one of the two girls. The family doesn’t have a lot of money, as the girls’ father has left them to start a new life on the mainland. He finally had finally had enough when Shirley cheated on him. He had been the family’s main income, as Shirley doesn’t work. The father, having started a new family on the mainland, doesn’t visit much nor is he generous in paying alimony. When the girls don’t have a father figure, it is Shirley’s responsibility to raise the girls. Shirley wants to raise them to be optimistic and she tries to make sure, that they don’t suffer from her mistakes, in regard to their ‘dad’. Shirley feels that Tasmania is paradise and that it will always protect her and the girls, but Gracey is skeptic; she’s seen how hard and inhumane the pretty island can be. Gracey’s guitar and dance lessons, is something Shirley can scrape money together for, but the family doesn’t have a freezer or a car, and their house was full of gabs and holes being left unfixed. As time goes on, Shirley gets older and so does her friends, while they have rich husbands and sophisticated lives, Shirley keeps on being free-spirited and sort of stranded in her glory days, where everyone was free. Shirley is and will always be a hippie. Money from the girls’ estranged father comes few and far in between, Shirley still doesn’t have a job, so the state steps in. Shirley then tells the girls, that the universe is kind and helpful, she tells them to work hard, so that they can have the opportunity to help others in the future. So Lisa starts studying hard and Gracey works hard with her dance and guitar, so that time and money isn’t wasted. Shirley has a one night stand with her best friend’s husband, and is, after all the awkwardness has subsided, shut out of the society. Shirley tells her girls, that they should see life as love, touching and closeness, and that sex is a part of life and nothing to be ashamed of. Gracey is a good singer and Shirley makes it a point to show her of, to everyone in Hobart, by hosting a simple Sunday brunch, which means vegetable soup, bacon and beans. Gracey suspects a pattern or maybe more of a schedule, which the community seems to have made, so that they know when to show up. And only the wives came, as the men are busy people. Gracey gets a lot of praise, but her younger sister Lisa doesn’t seem jealous, she just keeps on struggling with piano lessons, so that she will be able to fit in with Shirley’s guitar and Gracey’s voice. The folk song they play fit Gracey’s voice, as they are pure, full of hope, life and love, but with an underlying hint of melancholy. Gracey is suddenly on the edge between childhood and adolescence, she is in a vulnerable state and Shirley suddenly worries about boys and whether there is anyone good enough for her daughter. Shirley also feels, that she’s taught her girls to be self-reliant – to go after what they want. As autumn comes, so does a growth spurt Gracey’s feet and they go from a size 5 to a 7. Autumns golden leaves are expected to blow around the island, with the force of the Roaring Forties, soon. There is an end-of-term cabaret on the school, and an official from the mainland is going to there. Shirley sees it as the perfect chance for Gracey to show her talent. The four different costumes wouldn’t be difficult; Shirley can just make them herself. The four different shoes, however is another story entirely because of Gracey’s very new size means new shoes and new shoes mean spending money, which Shirley doesn’t have. Shirley and Lisa cries, but once again it is Gracey, who is brave and realistic, as she tries to comfort her mother and sister. Shirley gets the idea that they should work for the money, at the Hobart Marked. Shirley plays her guitar, Gracey sings and Lisa held the sheets. They play the song: â€Å"Oh, Mary Don’t You Cry Any More†. Gracey’s young voice doesn’t have any power against the wind; just as charming and miraculous as it was I the family room, just as shrill and noiseless is it on the street. Nobody can hear her, but even if they could they just walk on by, embarrassed or appalled by their weak performance. The cold hard winter winds arrives and shoots down their already weak performance, but doing so saves Gracey by forcing the words of their sad song back into her mouth, and she finally gets to cry. Shirley being the optimistic person she is tells the girls, that they could have done it if not for the wind, but Gracey is fully aware of how wrong her mother is. * As we read Shirley was a hippie and her way of looking at things was a bit too optimistic, like she’s being too happy so that she won’t have to face things. And that’s where I think we should find the theme of this story; around Shirley, as she is what this story revolves around – her and her daughters, not her daughters and her. I think the theme is ‘Broken Dreams’ and I think that because of Shirley’s entire view on the world is a dream, a dream she tries to get her daughters to see too. And I think, that maybe what is really important in this story is, that if Shirley had stopped trying to find the ‘perfect’ happiness, then maybe she could have ended the story being happy with her girls.

Reflective journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective journal - Essay Example This chapter presents a transparent idea about gerontology and what it is all about. Starting from the etymology of the word to its recent purpose and development are discussed thoroughly and with sound evidences throughout the chapter. Chapter 1 of the book prepares its readers to understand the complexity and myth regarding aging. The evidences are skilfully derived and help to wipe out many common inhibitions regarding old age. The first chapter itself shows the path that the entire book deals with. Old age is nothing more than a passing phase of life and has its own delicacies and intricacies very much similar to any other phase of human life. The book is a psychological plethora and treasure house of academic research about the adulthood as a phase in human life. It systematically enables its readers to understand the subtleties of old age and the initiating chapter in this regard is very helping and thoughtful and renders a free passage, access to the entire volume generating elaborate and skilful interest. Chapter 2 of the book precisely deals with the troubles and major myths concerned with the problems of aging. The precise definition for the initiating period for adulthood is difficult. The chronological age for the adulthood varies from culture to culture. At places it is dependent on the activity and responsibility, an individual is bearing. At other places, it is guided by certain cultural complexities and inhibitions. The chapter is precisely concerned with the events that mark the transitional phases of life. Events which are responsible for marking the initiation of the adulthood, along with the concepts of love, Erikson’s Identity crisis, the concept of intimacy are some of the key concepts discussed in the chapter thoroughly. The chapter 2 of the book bearing the name â€Å"Young Adulthood:

Facing the enigma of Californias Water Crisis Essay

Facing the enigma of Californias Water Crisis - Essay Example These include water conservation, recycling and ground water desalination. The San Francisco/Bay Area's agribusinesses, wildlife habitats, and fisheries are gravely endangered by state and federal agencies' plans to increase water diversions from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, rivers, and estuaries. Already, water exports are killing fish indigenous to the area and poisoning water quality in upstream rivers and the delta. Increasingly, these diversions will only add to the problem, while subsidizing corporate produce growers in the San Joaquin Valley and urban sprawl in Southern California. The planned diversion is unnecessary because there are possible solutions through conservation, water recycling, and ground water desalination. The growing demand for water, at a low cost, can be met without further imperiling Northern California's wildlife and water quality. Water use in California is very high due to a combination of factors. One, it being an agricultural state, and the other, is its population rate continues to rise rapidly. Keene's (2003) research finds that, "California's population is projected to increase by 600,000 every year." Water is a precious and limited resource. Yet there are few who are aware of this. We waste our water down the drain all the time. Since it is a public resource, we treat it as our property and not value it as much. California, like many other places, is well known to face problems related to power and oil. Yet what is much less known is the growing water crisis. As California's population keeps growing and new industries emerging, the demand for water and consumption also increases. So diversions were created in "the Bay-Delta Estuary, which includes the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Marsh and the embayments upstream of the Golden Gate. The Delta and Suisun Marsh are located where California's two major river systems, the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, converge to flow westward through San Francisco Bay" (State Water Resource Control Board, 1998). California diverts more than half of the water that naturally flows through this ecosystem. The water was drained faster than the rain could refill it. As billions and billions of gallons were diverted, there appeared to be concerns about the quality and shortage of water. This idea of water diversions is not something new. "For 150 years, the Bay-Delta has suffered from human activity. Frequent pumping from the Bay-Delta has made it no longer function adequately as either a water supply or a healthy habitat for fish and other wildlife" (The Bay-Delta, 2004). So what are these diversions According to the hyper dictionary the word diversions have three different meanings. 1. The direction of water in a stream away from its natural course. 2. The draft of water from one channel to another 3. The interception of runoff by something which discharges it through unnatural channels In plain words these water diversions are man-made and unnatural. The Delta is an important part of California. Reviews of research on the Bay-Delta (2004) find, businesses from Sacramento to the Bay Area and all the way down to southern part of California in San Diego--all rely on the Bay-Delta water. Whatever the kind of industry--computer sciences, healthcare or construction--most need large volumes of

Discuss the major factors behind the rise and decline of the Ancient Essay - 2

Discuss the major factors behind the rise and decline of the Ancient Egyptian Civilization - Essay Example Socialism played a pivotal role in the growth of the ancient Egyptian civilization. Karl Wittfogel, author of â€Å"Oriental Despotism† inferred that socialism laid the foundation for all primitive civilizations (Karenga 99). Socialism is an ideology, which advocates for public ownership in favor of privatization of a country’s economy. Ancient Egyptian civilization flourished under a centralized system of government charged with the responsibility of mobilizing the country’s resources. For example, the government oversaw the erection of permanent structures such as the pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx. In addition, Egypt’s strategic geographic location endorsed agriculture within the region, which translated into a reliable and stable source of food for its population. Ancient Egyptians capitalized on the flooded Nile River, which supplied water to sustain the irrigation of arable plains in the region. Under the government’s supervision, the h arvest was stored and controlled rations distributed to the population. Moreover, surplus harvest became a trade commodity boosting trade within the region. Growth was not limited to the economic sector only. The use of written words and symbols became a tool for the preservation of Egyptian culture whereby, scholars created permanent records of significant events. These served as reference points for future generations. Finally, the pharaohs (for example, Tuthmosis 1 and his grandson Tuthmosis III) secured the region’s borders by forming strategic alliances with their neighbors such as Assyria and Canaan (Hine et al 35). Historians remain divided regarding possible reasons, which contributed to sudden decline of the ancient Egyptian civilization. However, they all concur that the civilization collapsed during the end of the eighth dynasty after the long reign of Pepy II. It is estimated that Pepy II held the throne for ninety years. His sons were eager to rule in his stead

Information Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Management - Research Paper Example Business field has experienced many transformations in developed countries over time. One major change is the use of information technology in order to achieve better communication. Written forms of communication for example e-mails, blogs and letters play significant roles in organizations. They enable execution of business issues in a more convenient manner because tasks such as accounting and employee appraisals are effectively undertaken. This paper offers analysis and critique of the association between information science, written communication genres and business aims; furthermore, it addresses issues affected by written communication.Analysis and Critique According to Demarco (2011), information technology is a critical pillar in advancing business operations in current competitive economic world. Critically, organizations who seek to leverage their business performance should comprehensively adopt sound technological methods in daily business transactions. These technological-enabled systems facilitate effective development of customer base through mutual networking and exchange of noble business ideals. For example, most organizations have designed definite e-mail and blog network systems through which communication with clientele is established. The clientele establishment has enhanced productivity and financial growth in most business settings, which has remained a potential element

Argument paper, against Obamas health plan Essay

Argument paper, against Obamas health plan - Essay Example However, the so called reform will have far reaching adverse effect on the nation’s socio-economic features. To begin with, Obama’s plan offers a public insurance firm in the form of a cooperative which will ensure affordable health insurance coverage for all, irrespective of age, sex or risk factors (The Obama Plan). Obviously, a subsidized coverage option will enhance public interest, which is expected to beat private insurance companies. Since The United States spends a higher proportion of its gross domestic products on healthcare services, Mr. Obama thinks that his plan would help people save considerable amount of their healthcare expense every year. Although it seems to be significant, the ultimate effect of premium deduction and subsidies inevitably result in tax hike. The President puts an estimate of $900 billion as ten year cost limit for the proposed package; whereas, experts believe that it would exceed $1 trillion (Pear R., Calmes J., 9 Sept., 2009) Mr.Obama reiterates that the public insurance will only be an option; and people will have the freedom to choose private plan if they think it suits them. Although he says that the government will not administer the health care system, his plan has all features of single payer system. For instance, regarding the high risk pool he says â€Å"for those Americans who can’t get insurance today because they have pre-existing medical conditions, we will immediately offer low cost coverage that will protect you against financial ruin if you become seriously ill.† (Pear R., Calmes J., 9 Sept., 2009). Under this system people have almost complete medical coverage and free access to healthcare. This approach will plunge the public insurance firm into big loss. In addition, this concept of ‘socialized medicine’ is against the social privileges of the U.S. citizens. Regardless of its high cost, the U.S. health care system is highly competent and people have the

USSR History Essay Example for Free

USSR History Essay The peasant women collectivization took place in the era between 1928 and 1932 (Lynne, 1992). This collectiveness can be seen as a modern day social movement geared towards fighting for human rights. The peasant women proved their political maturity through making efforts to fight for their rights in a country where opposition was unheard of. To modern historians the peasant women can be seen as agents as social change who used mental prowess to bring about social change. This collectiveness however was faced with many obstacles, for instance Soviet Union used propaganda to stop peasant women from getting together and uniting in their fight against state policy (Lynne, 1996). Soviet Union knew that such a unity would be detrimental to its fascist regime (Lynne, 1992). The success of peasant women collectivism would also be detrimental to the objectives and goals of Soviet Union. The Soviet Union can be argued to have been obsessed with its fascist kind of leadership and any slight threat had to be dealt with. For instance, peasant women were considered to be backward and incapable of spearheading any social action from its oppressive government (Lynne, 1996). With this in mind, the only possible explanation for the women collectiveness was incitement from anti soviet groups. Consequently it can be argued that the Soviet Union had a very low opinion of the peasant women. This is shown in their mode of leadership whereby they use brainwashing tactics to make the peasant women do what they wanted them to do. For instance the Soviet Union made the women take their side through propaganda and those who opposed them were treated with much violence (Lynne, 1996). On the other hand, it can be argued that the first step by the women in realizing their plight and using unity (collectiveness) to fight for their rights was a big milestone in the development of democracy not only in Soviet Union but in the world.

Role Played By International Organizations Politics Essay

Role Played By International Organizations Politics Essay International organizations provide a forum for international co-operation in environmental issues as they play two important roles environmental policy making and the development of international environmental law. Every organization is endowed with environmental responsibilities as those involved in international environmental law are established at the regional global, regional and sub-regional and bilateral levels. Almost all international organizations today have some competence or responsibility for the development, application or the enforcement of international environment obligations including those related to standard setting. The decentralized nature of international organizations in the international environment field makes it difficult to assess their roles by reference to any functional, sectorial or geographical criteria. They can be divided into three categories global organs associated with the United Nations and its specialized agencies, regional organizations outsi de the United Nations system and organizations established by environmental and other treaties. Within these categories there are of course overlaps since many organizations established in the categories were created by acts of the United Nations or its specialized agencies. History of International Organizations Prior to 1945 there were no international organizations dealing with environmental affairs but the period after World War II saw the emergence of a number of international organizations grow. They were established at global, regional and sub-regional levels to deal specifically with environmental issues or to adapt to the existing organizations by having competence in the area of environmental issues. The Stockholm Conference recognized that the global and regional environmental problems required extensive co-operation among nations and action by international organizations in pursuit of common interest for the protection of the environment.  [1]  Also states were called upon to ensure that international organizations play a coordinated, efficient and dynamic role for the protection and improvement of the environment.  [2]   Functions and Roles of International Organizations They perform a number of different functions and roles depending on their constituent documents in relation to environmental affairs ranging from judicial, administrative to legislative roles. The functions they perform relate mostly to five areas which will be discussed shortly. Forum for co-operation and co-ordination among states and non state actors on environmental management matters. As they act as a forum where informal and formal ideas are shared which builds on international consensus for regional and global action to be taken. Provides information international organizations receive and disseminate information and facilitate for the exchange of information through formal or informal consultations between states. Contribute to the development of legal obligations such as soft law by acting as a catalyst informally outside the organization or formally within the organization where the organization adopts acts or decisions which create legal binding obligations. Ensures implementation and compliance with obligations by receiving information from parties on an informal basis or receiving regular reports or periodic communications from parties to international environmental treaties as a means of reviewing progress in implementation. Act as an independent forum or mechanism for the settlement of disputes between states. Through the work of bodies with general competence to an environmental agreement or by reference of an issue to a body specifically created to assist with dispute settlement such as the International Court of Justice or the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Global Organizations General Assembly The United Nations specialized agencies and its subsidiary organs are regarded as the focal points for international law in the fields of environment law.  [3]  Through, the practice of the principal organs such as the General Assembly which has interpretated and applied broad principles such as the promotion of sustainable development and the protection of the environment. The General Assembly is regarded as the principal decision making organ and has the power to discuss any question or matters within the scope of the United Nations Charter or make recommendations to member states or the Security Council.  [4]  Furthermore, promote international co-operation in political social, cultural, educational, health fields plus the codification and development of international law.  [5]  There is no specific mention of the General Assembly having competence in environmental affairs but under Agenda 21 it was recognized as the principal policy making and appraisal organ having a regular review function with respect to Agenda 21. The major role played by the General assembly has been the creation of bodies that have been instrumental in environmental law such as the UNEP which is the main voice of the United Nations by bringing emerging issues before the international community so as to reach global and regional consensus on such matters. The CSD and the UNDP which seek to help developing countries and those in transition achieve sustainable development in line with environmental principles and standards. United Nations Environment Programme The United Nations Environment Programme is the United Nations designated body for addressing issues at the global and regional level. Its mandate is to co-ordinate the development of environmental policy consensus by keeping the global environment review by bringing emerging issues to the attention of governments and the international community so as to pursue action. This is the United Nations body exclusively focusing on international environmental matters. The constituent instrument which the programme adheres to commits it to the provision of policy guidance and co-ordination of environmental programmes within the United Nations among its roles.  [6]  The creation of the programme is testimony of the General Assemblys powers granted to it under the Charter so as to ensure environmental matters are dealt with collectively since they affect everyone. Provision of information UNEP has been promoting access to information on environmental law in order to increase the level of world-wide knowledge and to provide actors directly involved in the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental law, with the information they need. According to the Stockholm declaration  [7]  provision of such information is education on environmental matters, for the younger generation as well as adults, in order to broaden the basis for an enlightened opinion and responsible conduct by individuals, enterprises and communities in protecting and improving the environment. The basic premise being enhancing the knowledge of environmental law issues by carrying out environmental law studies through the development of websites, and producing environmental law publications to build capacity in environmental law globally. For instance, on Studies in environmental law matters UNEP devotes great attention to the strengthening and promotion of environmental law by undert aking legal studies on different areas identified in the Montevideo Programme III and in subsequent Governing Council decisions. Secondly, establishing a website which provides information on all its environmental activities such as UNEPs environmental law programme is intended to be an instrument for conveying not only information about UNEPs activities, but also to work as a resource tool for all those interested in environmental law world-wide. UNEP ensures that information on environmental matters is known fully especially to the least developed and developing countries sop that they use the environment sustainably with the information published. Provision of technical assistance to developing countries and in transition Technical assistance is very vital as few countries are fully capable to deal with environmental matters as they are today. This was recognized in the UNCED Agenda 21 and the WSSD plan of implementation which recognized the short comings in the environmental legislation in effecting the integration of environment and development policies and practices especially in the developing countries. UNEPs role is to strengthen national and institutional bodies so as to be able to translate sustainable development policies and strategies into action with respect to developing countries and those in transition. In line with Agenda 21 which underscores the importance of implementing international obligations through enactment of the laws at regional, national or municipal level. UNEP in line with Agenda 21 has focused on technical assistance with respect to building the capacity of legal stake holders such as decision makers, legal professionals and academics. The provision of Technical Assistance is guided by the Montevideo Programme II in which the Governing Councils decision 17/25 paragraph 2 stated its objective provision of technical assistance to least developing countries and countries with economies in transition to develop and implement environmental law. Which ensures the UNEP plays its role in assisting governments strengthen their legal and institutional frameworks through training the capacity of decision makers and legal stakeholders in environmental matters so that they strengthen, implement and develop environment law. The role of UNEP is to ensure that the least developed and developing countries in terms of the Rio  [8]  declaration enact effective environmental legislation so that it is in line with the environmental and development standards. Meaning the laws enacted have to reflect in their domestic laws international environmental law and in line with the developments in environmental law. United Nations Development Programme The United Nations established the United Nations Development Programme in 1965  [9]  as the principal channel for multilateral technical and investment assistance to developing countries apart from integrating the millennium development goals with environmental matters. It is active in all economic and social factors which are highly valuable under environmental law as they are interlinked with environmental sustainable development as stated in the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development  [10]  economic development, social development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing with respect to sustainable development which is the framework to achieve a higher quality of life for all people. Therefore, the work of the United Nations Development Programme is linked directly to poverty reduction by removing the social and economic barriers by empowering the poor so that they will be able to practice sustainable use of the environment in line wi th its mandate. As there can be no achievement of sustainable development without clear focus on the reduction of poverty as favourable conditions must be present both socially and economically to ensure development and sustainable use of the environment. This is in line with the Rio Declaration  [11]  which clearly envisions eradication of poverty so as a requirement for the sustainable use of the environment by decreasing the disparities of living standards in line with the people in the world. The UNDPs role is to help developing countries strengthen their capacities to deal with environmental challenges at global, national and community level seeking and sharing the best practices by providing policy advice, management of important programmes and institutions such as the Global Environment Facility. This introduced the Small Grants Programme which aims at strengthening local capacity in the community by providing enabling conditions. As for instance, the Small Grants Programme works with communities around the world to combat the most critical environmental problems and support communities in their efforts to achieve more sustainable livelihoods. SGP supports projects of non-governmental and community-based organizations in developing countries to demonstrate that community action can meet both human needs and environmental sustainability.  [12]   UNDPs role in developing countries is to ensure effective participation of women in environmental affairs. As according to the Rio Declaration  [13]  women have a vital role in environmental management and development. Their full participation is therefore essential to achieve sustainable development. Since local actors, especially women, are excluded from meaningful participation in environment and energy policy-making processes. Exclusion has served to weaken the impact, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of initiatives, funding mechanisms, and programmes implemented by international development agencies and national governments.  [14]  This is attributable to the Small Grants Programme which enhances the capacity of local actors, especially women, to access environmental finance so as to ensure they are better equipped to act responsibly. Commission on Sustainable Development The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was established by the UN General Assembly and ECOSOC in 1992 to ensure effective follow-up of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit. The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation recognized the CSD as a high level forum on sustainable development and it has specific roles which are. Review progress at the international, regional and national levels in the implementation of recommendations and commitments contained in the (UNCED) namely: Agenda 21; and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.  [15]  Follow up the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and achieve sustainable development.  [16]  Promote dialogue and build partnerships for sustainable development with governments, the international community and the major groups identified in Agenda 21. The Earth Summit recognized capacity-building as the means of implementation for Agenda 21 with particular focus on national mechanisms and international co-operation. The Division for Sustainable Development provides targeted advisory services at the request of individual governments. These services support specific policy initiatives and the requisite institutional development and capacity-building. Technical support is specifically designed to accelerate the formulation of policies for sustainable development and provide substantive support for their implementation at national and international levels in line with the Johannesburg Plan of implementation.  [17]  The Divisions technical expertise enables it to support developing countries and countries with economies in transition in their realization of sustainable development. The role of the CSD is to better equip developing countries to develop in line within the framework of environmental law principles as each country has its specific needs especially developing countries. United Nations Institute for Training and Research Is an autonomous body within the United Nations with the mandate to enhance the effectiveness of the United Nations through training and research. The role of UNITAR is to strengthen the capacity of Member States, Organizations and individuals to address environmental challenges and reach sustainable goals through innovative training approaches and methods.  [18]  In line with the Rio declaration which promotes access to information, public participation, and access to justice in environmental matters and the Aarhus convention which is a major initiative to strengthen environmental democracy it acknowledges that achieving sustainable development requires the involvement of all stakeholders. The role played by UNITAR is to ensure full participation of all the stakeholders under environmental law through proper training, being given a better understanding of how environmental law operates which in effect is capacity building of both developed and developing countries with respect to environmental matters. For instance, the Environment Unit deals with four core areas chemical management, climate change, biodiversity and environmental governance and law. All these areas are crucial to environmental law and the participation of all stakeholders ensures that there will be meaningful progress in the development of Rio Declaration Principle 10, the Aarhus Convention with respect to environmental law. Especially for governments, international organizations, developing countries and those countries in transition it will help them at a national level to adhere to multilateral agreements by addressing the gaps and weaknesses they have by involving the relevant stake holders at all levels necessary. Further, the role played by UNITAR is to be a haven of knowledge and expertise in my view with respect to international law and environmental law issues. This can be amicably seen in the international law programme it has which targets the relevant stakeholders in environmental law such as governments, international organizations, private lawyers, diplomats and government lawyers to ensure that they have full access to the information they need and participate fully by upholding the global respect for international principles. Security Council Under the Charter of the United Nations it has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.  [19]  Its mandate does not spell out the protection of the environment but due to its binding legal resolutions  [20]  it plays a significant role under international environmental law by promoting its development. The Security Councils first encounter with environmental matters was in 1991 when it adopted a resolution holding Iraq liable for damage to the environment resulting from the invasion of Kuwait.  [21]  It would be wrong to say that the Security Council has not played a role in environmental affairs as peace is very vital to ensure that there is development and sustainable use of the environment. As outlined in the Rio declaration  [22]  peace, development and environment protection are interdependent and indivisible. In essence the role played by the Security council is to ensure that as peace prevails so does the environment devel ops due to the preservation of peace by the Security Council. Protection of the environment has always been the duty of the Council as under the Rio declaration  [23]  warfare is inherently destructive for sustainable development as states should respect international law which protects the environment in times of armed conflict. Therefore, the Security Council has played a role in the promotion of environmental law by advocating for peaceful settlement of disputes and banning of wars so that there can be development of the environment as stipulated under international environmental principles. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Based in Rome established in 1945 and has a specific mandate to deal with environmental issues namely to promote the conservation of natural resources and the adoption of improved methods of agricultural production.  [24]  FAO leads international efforts to defeat hunger the first MDG, reducing global hunger and poverty by half by the year 2015. Helping both developed and developing countries, by acting as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy.  [25]  FAOs role is to support global environmental targets as Priorities for reducing hunger cannot be separated from those for sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems. There is a close link between hunger, poverty and environmental degradation which underscore the need for multidimensional approaches to their reduction. FAOs Strategic Framework (2000-2015) specifically highlights sustainable production and natural resource conservation. FAOs role is to help count ries and regions develop coherent policies and programmes for efficient and socially desirable sustainable management of resources. The strategy also aims for the conservation, improvement and sustainable utilization of natural resources for food and agriculture, with special emphasis on fragile ecosystems and environments at greatest risk as in developing countries which are mostly affected. FAO works in broad partnership with governments, national, international and non-governmental institutions and civil society to broaden the base of understanding and increases the chances for success in addressing existing and future sustainable development and environmental priorities. Provision of Skilled personnel In line with its objective of reducing hunger which has the capability of causing social and economic problems if not checked fully. The organization has skilled expertise in the field who will serve to ensure that a boost in food production and sustainable methods of doing so are exchanged. FAOs experts are in different fields which help collectively to achieve the objectives within the spirit of co-operation as outlined in international instruments. The experts include Agriculture, Economic and Social Development, Fisheries, Forestry, Natural Resources Management and Environment. And since it has global and regional offices allows it to address the environment problems accordingly when they meet to ensure amicable solutions are given at high level forums in order to solve the problems plaguing the countries. Provision of knowledge FAO serves as a knowledge network through the use of experts foresters, fisheries and livestock specialists, nutritionists, social scientists, economists, statisticians and other professionals to collect, analyse and disseminate data that aids development. In providing knowledge to countries FAO recognizes that environmental issues cannot be handled without effective information within the hands of relevant stakeholders to ensure they have an understanding of what they are dealing with. Especially Online databases, thematic knowledge networks and new practices as websites disseminate information to help policy-makers and individuals make better informed decisions, strengthen links and facilitate sharing and exchange of information.  [26]   United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Established in 1945 its role is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science and culture while conserving and protecting historic and scientific monuments.  [27]  Its role has been in line with the Earth Summit which advocated for sustainable development which meets the needs of present generations without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own. In essence sustainable development cannot be dealt with without educating the relevant actors in environmental law coupled with scientific knowledge. Therefore UNESCOs role is to educate and ensure knowledgeable citizens, informed political and economic decision makers are able to solve emerging environmental issues. For instance, UNESCO has a Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development Programme as education is an essential element of the global response to climate change. In line with the Stockholm declaration principle 19 education helps young people understand and address the impact of global warming, encourages changes in their attitudes and behavior and helps them adapt to climate change-related trends. UNESCO aims to make climate change education a central part of the international response to climate change. By strengthening the capacity of its Member States to provide quality climate change education; encouraging innovative teaching approaches to integrate climate change education   in school and by raising awareness about climate change as well as enhancing non-formal education programmes through media, networking and partnerships.  [28]   Furthermore, UNESCO promotes environmental law through its intergovernmental oceanic commission through capacity development. By developing leadership capacity such as fund-raising, team building, and decision-making skills for directors of marine and coastal sciences institutes to strengthen scientific, legal and institutional structures.  [29]  Special attention is given to developing, tropical and small island states where livelihoods depend heavily on marine resources. The Stockholm declaration in principle 20 clearly outlines such assistance to developing countries Scientific research and development in the context of environmental problems both national and multinational must be promoted in all countries especially developing countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Environmental techonologies should be made available to developing countries which would encourage their wide dissemination. The objective of the programme is to empower developing countries to sustainably use their coastal an d marine resources by through self driven capacity development. Due to the degradation and loss of life-sustaining ocean resources is accelerating, one of the greatest challenges is to develop capacity rapidly enough to protect and preserve these resources. The capacity-building approach aims to reduce the continuous dependence on aid by empowering countries to address their own problems through science-based strategies.  [30]   International Maritime Organization (IMO) The major role of the International Maritime Organization is to provide machinery for cooperation among Governments in the field of governmental regulation and practices relating to technical matters of all kinds affecting shipping engaged in international trade, to encourage and facilitate the general adoption of the highest practicable standards in matters concerning maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and prevention and control of marine pollution from ships.  [31]  Therefore the major role of the maritime organization is to ensure the safety of ships at sea so that they do not discharge pollution into the sea oil or any other substance plus there is no unnecessary dumping of wastes which causes damage to the marine environment. In having such high safety standards on ships which converge the ocean in essence they are fighting against pollution from such ships and are advocating for liability of pollution in the ocean as a way to ensure high standards of safety and secur ity procedures for ships. For instance as a result of the Torrey canyon disaster in 1967 a legal committee was established which became a permanent subsidiary organization. The swiftness of the action is admirable and only serves to show that the organization is concerned with the safety and security of ships as they travel over the ocean ensuring they do not cause marine pollution. In promoting the safety and security of ships as they traverse the ocean the IMO as mandated by its convention provides an Integrated Technical Co-operation Programme which ensures there are safe, secure and effective shipping services further protecting their waters and coasts from the environmental degradation caused by ships and other maritime associated activities. International Labour Organization (ILO) The role of the International Labour Organization is to promote its programme decent work for all as work is central to the well being of people. By providing work one gets income paving the way for social and economic advancement through strengthening of families and communities.  [32]  Therefore the major purpose of the ILO is to eradicate underdevelopment as stated in the Stockholm declaration which has caused many developing countries to lag behind. By securing decent work for all creates jobs as people can live sustainable livelihoods and ease pressure on the environment. The basic thrust of the programme in environmental affairs is to forge international consensus among governments, employers, workers and civil society that productive employment and decent work are key elements to achieving a fair globalization, reducing poverty and achieving equitable, inclusive, and sustainable development.  [33]<